Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate 95 slags can be increased by optimizing granulation parameters such as water temperature and flow rate to produce slag sand similar to river sand. Waste derived fill blast furnace slag specification 2015. Free power how to convert an old washing machine into a water powered generator duration. Slag portland cement, which may be a true portland cement. Blast furnace slag is recovered by melting separation from blast furnaces that produce molten pig iron. Blast furnace slag is a coproduct of the iron making process. Blast furnace slag means waste formed when iron ore, a mixture of oxides of iron, silica and aluminia, a fuel consisting of coke, natural gas, oxygen and pulverised coal and limestone are fed into a. Dicalcium silicate ca 2 sio 4 14284232, merwinite ca 3 mgsi 2 o 8 8644, and gehlenite ca 2 al 2 sio 7 2563.
With increase in silica activity in the range of 0. Cementitious applications of ground iron blast furnace slag by donald w. The majority of components in granulated blast furnace slag are various glassy metallic silicates iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and titanium silicates, including. The paper presents the results of experimental research that dealt with the substitution of fi nely ground blast furnace slag for portland cement in the course of simple concrete manufacturing. For most ores, it will produce an ingot with a low 20% chance of making two instead of one, and also some stone. In 2006, bfs was put forward for consideration by the waste protocols project which aimed to establish the point at which bfs ceased to be waste. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace. The latent hydraulic property of the blastfurnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. This order applies to blast furnace slag and blast furnace slag blended with other materials blended blast furnace slag. The iron and steel slag that is generated as a byproduct of iron and steel manufacturing processes can be broadly categorized into blast furnace slag and steel making slag. The blast furnace slag should be a freeflowing one at the operating temperatures to ensure efficient slagmetal separation. Find slag cement material availability and supply is an important factor to the timeline and budget of any project. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blastfurnace slag.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as slag, is a glassy granular material formed when molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. Use of the cementatious properties of ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag was reported as early as 1774. Effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. Using slag cement in concrete can greatly decrease the amount of portland cement typically used for a specific mixture of concrete. Blast furnace slag material description user guidelines. The rapid cooling of molten slag by large quantities of water produces sandlike granule aggregate. The primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone cao and silica sio 2. Slag cement benefits and use in concrete slag cement news. Documents that specify or describe the chemical and physical properties of. G the ggbs complies with all the specifications required by en 151761 2006, and was added separately in the mixer. The report discusses acbfs aggregate production and properties, and the properties of concrete produced with acbfs coarse aggregate.
Granulated blast furnace slag 90% 65996692 gypsum caso 4 2h 2 0 25% 10101414 section 4. Ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag used in concrete. The slag furnace is a block added by factorization. Concrete qualities with four different ggbs contents expressed as percentage of the mass of portland cement, in. The xcoordinate indicates which product throughputs can be generated using the respective mills. Hiraskar and chetan patil abstractthe iron industries produce a huge quantity of blast furnace slag as byproduct, which is a nonbiodegradable waste material from that only a small percentage of it is used by. Steel furnace slag in hot mix asphalt purdue university. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag gcp applied technologies. General information about nsa at the turn of the twentieth century. This report presents available information regarding the use of aircooled blast furnace slag acbfs as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements. Furthermore, the part of cement of class cem i 42,5 r was substituted by slag. Included in these data are a dozen facilities that grind and sell ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs based on imported unground feed. Granulated shaped blast furnace slag is most suitable for increasing the strength of the soil and for this we check the following property of soil.
Lewis, chief engineer aci convention, march 8, 1984 iron blast furnace slag in the process of extracting iron from ores, a blast furnace is charged with the ores, flux stones and coke. It is a nonmetallic product, consisting of silicates and aluminosilicates of. Iron and steel slag mineral resources program usgs. Use of steel slag aggregate in pavements report november. The process in the pelletizing process, a molten blast furnace slag stream is directed onto an.
It is generally recognized that the rate of hardening of slag cement is somewhat slower than that of ordinary portland cement during the first 28 days but thereafter increases so that at 12 months the strengths become close to or even exceed those of. Asms then further process the blast furnace slag into useful products for the construction industry such as concrete aggregates and road base products. Blended cements shall comply with specification 3103 and aashto m 240. Continue flushing until advised to stop by a poisons information centre, a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes. Typically this is a blend of coarse and fine aggregate particles. The latent hydraulic property of the blast furnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. Blast furnace slag as a by product background the status of blast furnace slag bfs has been disputed with industry for a number of years. This waste in form of slag, cause a great impact on environment and humans. Indot permits the use of air cooled blast furnace slag acbfs. Blast furnace slag is produced from the melting of iron ore and limestone or dolomite.
Nov 24, 2014 free power how to convert an old washing machine into a water powered generator duration. The coordinates of the grinding table diameter and number of rollers can be read off from the table. Ggbs means the ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of the manufacturing of pig iron. Various types of slag from copper and steel industry are being used in mortar and concrete pundhir et al.
Such a slag acquires liquid mobility and trickles down the furnace away from the site where it starts distorting plastically, as soon as possible. This action exposes fresh sites for further reaction and is supposedly responsible for enhanced slagmetal reaction rates, influencing the blast furnace operations and the quality of the metal. Grinding reduces the particle size to cement fineness. It is removed from the blast furnace and allowed to cool. Blast furnace control using slag viscosities and liquidus. While there are many applications and benefits of slag cement, a few are highlighted below and detailed information sheets are located here. Properties and uses of iron and steel slags national slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in combination with water and aggregates to form concrete. Granulated blast furnace slag is used as a component in portland cement manufacture. Iron cement or eisen cement, which is a mixture of slag and ordinary portland cement. Safety data sheet ground granulated blast furnace slag. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius.
Characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. Granulated blast furnace slag bim object definition from nbs. Acceptance is judged on the basis of time of set, false set, fineness, soundness, air content of the mortar, chemical analysis, and compressive strength. Aggregates are used for all types of base and subbase construction. The effect of foamy slag in electric arc furnaces on electric. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and the resulting molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 1500oc to 1600oc. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing econstor. The effect of foamy slag in electric arc furnaces on electric energy consumption abstract in electric arc furnace steelmaking units, the essential parameters that considered important are reducing price, increasing production and decreasing environmental pollution. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Portland blast furnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate.
Blast furnace slag granulation ironmaking our activities. It works similarly to the vanilla furnace, but has an extra output slot. Therefore, blast furnace slag is a lime based material and has a basic ph. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. Moreover, deep bluegreen color shown by interior part of slag concrete and can be noticed from slag concrete broken parts, for example, after compressive strength test. Soil stabilisation using ground granulated blast furnace slag. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. Blastfurnace slag is defined by the american society for testing and materials as the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates. Use of blastfurnace slags as sand and gravel for the construction of road beds, basic filler in asphaltconcrete mixtures for the construction of road and airport coatings, unroasted cement binder for reinforcing roadways and preparing slowsetting concrete. Due to light color of blast furnace slag, color of slag concrete is lighter in comparison with conventional concrete. Grading expanded blast furnace slag is crushed and screened to desired product sizing. After solidi fication, cooling may be accelerated by applications.
Blending in steel slag allows use of marginal materials. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs shall comply with specification 3102 and aashto m 302. Granulated blast furnace slag are described by characteristics such as category of alpha coefficient. Blastfurnace slag is defined by the american society for testing and materials as the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and alumino silicates. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Nonportland cement activation of blast furnace slag. Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate. Documents in econstor may be saved and copied for your.
Blast furnace slag bfs which is defined as the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and alumina silicates of calcium and other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace by astm c 12516 2016 has been widely used in construction industry for more than 80 years. Ladle containing molten blast furnace slag being dumped into a cooling pit at the ford. This paper describes the use of ggbs ground granulated blast furnace slag and its feasibility in use of it as a partial replacement to sand or fine aggregate. Blast furnace slag concrete can be reliably pumped when the slag is supplied to the readymix production in a saturated condition. Steel slag aggregate ssa is a byproduct of the production of steel in an electric arc furnace. Electric arc furnaces are the largest users of electric energy in industry. Slag cement is commonly found in readymixed concrete, precast concrete, masonry, soil cement and high temperature resistant building products. Pyrometallurgy, blast furnace, slag viscosity, slag liquidus temperature, phase equilibria abstract the viscosity of molten slag in blast furnace operations is an important process variable, influencing the rate and location of reactions inside the furnace, as well as the ease with which the final slag could be removed from the. The high iron oxide content of the aggregate results in an aggregate that is very hard and very dense ssa is 2030% heavier than naturally occurring aggregates such as basalt and granite. Analysis of slag flow in blast furnace during the extraction. Properties significant chemoresistance, and suppression of alkaliaggregate reaction type b and c. Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina alsub2 o 3 and magnesium oxide mgo, as well as a small amount of sulfur s, while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide feo and magnesium oxide mgo. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate in. The ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing industry.
Blast furnace slag usage and guidance for indiana purdue epubs. The sca is proud to promote the use of slag cement to ready mix producers and industry professionals who understand the durable and sustainable benefits of. Blast furnace slag is nonreactive in a high alkali environment, such as concrete and soils. Blastfurnace slag is used in makingfour classes of cement puzzolan, or ordinary slag cement, usually simply called slag cement. Generally the products produced from this type of slag are known as air. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and the resulting molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 15000c to 16000c. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from a coarse, popcornlike friable structure greater than 4. The ground granulated blast furnace slag used was slagg bremen, imported from holcim deutschland a. Based on this concept, several trials were conducted at blast furnace slag granulation. Cdic can now conduct more than 100 mechanical tests, out of which, 55 tests come under the nabl accreditation. It is also used as a component of other building and construction materials.
A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag. P typical aircooled blast furnace slag chemistry is as. Use of steel slag aggregate in pavements report november 2015. Vaclavik, et al use of blast furnace slag fraction 816 mm was 40. Hiraskar and chetan patil abstractthe iron industries produce a huge quantity of blast furnace slag as byproduct, which is a nonbiodegradable waste material from that only a small percentage of it is used by cement industries to manufacture cement. Primarily ground into a cement replacement known as ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs this is used in readymixed and precast concrete and masonry, floor levelling compounds and high temperature resistant building products. It must have appreciable affinity for the gangue constituents to facilitate the. Comparing properties of concrete containing electric arc furnace. Use of steel slag in construction of flexible pavement. Apr 28, 2016 use of blastfurnace slags as sand and gravel for the construction of road beds, basic filler in asphaltconcrete mixtures for the construction of road and airport coatings, unroasted cement binder for reinforcing roadways and preparing slowsetting concrete.
The width of the fields is a measurement of the output factor. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a by product from the blastfurnaces used to make iron. By processing blast furnace slag into slag cement or slag aggregate, the material is diverted from landfills. Ggbs are added from 0% to 25% by dry weight of soil, first of all check the all soil property at 0 % no ggbs and then compare after addition of ggbs from 5% to 25%. This action exposes fresh sites for further reaction and is supposedly responsible for enhanced slag metal reaction rates, influencing the blast furnace operations and the quality of the metal. Steel slag stands up to traffic without loss of friction or degradation. This order applies to blast furnace slag and blast furnace slag blended with. Blastfurnace slag article about blastfurnace slag by the.
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